{"id":2101,"date":"2026-06-25T13:01:29","date_gmt":"2026-06-25T11:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demirhanocak.com\/site26\/2026\/06\/25\/ekmegin-icindeki-siyaset-bir-somun-nasil-iktidar-olur\/"},"modified":"2026-06-25T13:01:29","modified_gmt":"2026-06-25T11:01:29","slug":"ekmegin-icindeki-siyaset-bir-somun-nasil-iktidar-olur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/demirhanocak.com\/site26\/2026\/06\/25\/ekmegin-icindeki-siyaset-bir-somun-nasil-iktidar-olur\/","title":{"rendered":"Ekme\u011fin \u0130\u00e7indeki Siyaset: Bir Somun Nas\u0131l \u0130ktidar Olur?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.pexels.com\/photos\/20106930\/pexels-photo-20106930.jpeg?auto=compress&#038;cs=tinysrgb&#038;fit=crop&#038;h=627&#038;w=1200\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\"><\/p>\n<p>Sana bir soru soraca\u011f\u0131m ve cevab\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bildi\u011fini san\u0131yorum ama yan\u0131l\u0131yorsun: <strong>Ekmek nedir?<\/strong> &#8220;Un, su, tuz, maya&#8221; diyeceksin. Do\u011fru. Ama bu, bir insan\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in &#8220;et, kemik, su&#8221; demek kadar eksik bir cevap. Ekmek, insanl\u0131k tarihinin en yo\u011fun siyasi nesnesidir. Sava\u015flar \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131, devrimler ba\u015flatt\u0131, iktidarlar kurdu, iktidarlar devirdi. Ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 yaparken masan\u0131n \u00fczerinde masum bir \u015fekilde bekledi.<\/p>\n<p>Roma&#8217;n\u0131n me\u015fhur &#8220;panem et circenses&#8221; \u2014 ekmek ve sirk \u2014 form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc duymu\u015fsundur. \u0130mparatorlar halka iki \u015fey verirdi: kar\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 doyuracak ekmek, kafalar\u0131n\u0131 me\u015fgul edecek g\u00f6steri. (Bunu okurken biraz etraf\u0131na bak. Hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015f baz\u0131 \u015feyler.) Ama i\u015fin ilginci \u015fu: Roma&#8217;da ekmek da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kim kontrol ediyorsa, siyaseti de o kontrol ediyordu. Tah\u0131l ambarlar\u0131na h\u00fckmeden general, \u00f6nce mide sonra oy kazan\u0131rd\u0131. Bu kadar basit, bu kadar derin.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi biraz daha yak\u0131na gelelim. <strong>1789 Frans\u0131z Devrimi<\/strong>&#8216;nin fitilini kimin ate\u015fledi\u011fini biliyor musun? Voltaire de\u011fil, Rousseau de\u011fil. Ekmek. Daha do\u011frusu, ekme\u011fin yoklu\u011fu. Paris&#8217;te f\u0131r\u0131nlar bo\u015falm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, bu\u011fday fiyatlar\u0131 astronomikti, halk a\u00e7 kar\u0131nla sokaklara d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Versailles&#8217;da ise Marie Antoinette&#8217;in me\u015fhur (ve muhtemelen hi\u00e7 s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fi) s\u00f6z\u00fc dola\u015f\u0131yordu: &#8220;Ekmek bulam\u0131yorlarsa pasta yesinler.&#8221; \u0130ster ger\u00e7ek olsun ister efsane, o c\u00fcmle bir devrim manifestosu gibi i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fc. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar a\u00e7ken semboller g\u00fc\u00e7 kazan\u0131r, s\u00f6zler silah olur.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrk tarihinde de ekme\u011fin hikayesi az de\u011fil. Osmanl\u0131&#8217;da <strong>ihtisap a\u011falar\u0131<\/strong> \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 pazar denetlerdi; f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131lar gramaj eksik ekmek satarsa cezas\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Bazen o f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n kula\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcrterdi, bazen mal\u0131na el konurdu. Ekmek, devletin vatanda\u015fla kurdu\u011fu en somut s\u00f6zle\u015fmeydi: &#8220;Ben seni doyururum, sen bana itaat edersin.&#8221; Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme bozuldu\u011funda, yani ekmek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ya da kabarmas\u0131n\u0131 unuttu\u011funda, meydanlar dolard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Peki ekmek neden bu kadar merkezi bir fig\u00fcr? Neden pirin\u00e7 de\u011fil, neden mercimek de\u011fil? Bunun birka\u00e7 cevab\u0131 var:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00dcretim kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve zorunlulu\u011fu:<\/strong> Bu\u011fday, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tar\u0131ma ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ilk bitkilerden biridir. On bin y\u0131ll\u0131k bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k, beyne kaz\u0131n\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Payla\u015f\u0131m sembolizmi:<\/strong> Ekme\u011fi b\u00f6lmek, sofray\u0131 payla\u015fmak \u2014 hemen her k\u00fclt\u00fcrde birlikteli\u011fin, g\u00fcvenin i\u015faretidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck:<\/strong> Bir somun ekmek elde tutulabilir, g\u00f6sterilebilir, f\u0131rlat\u0131labilir. Protesto i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir nesne.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temel ihtiya\u00e7 e\u015fi\u011fi:<\/strong> \u0130nsanlar pek \u00e7ok \u015feyden vazge\u00e7ebilir, ama a\u00e7l\u0131ktan de\u011fil. Ekmek o e\u015fi\u011fin simgesidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fiyat\u0131n okunabilirli\u011fi:<\/strong> Herkes ekmek fiyat\u0131n\u0131 bilir. Enflasyonun y\u00fcz\u00fc, ekme\u011fin y\u00fcz\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Buradan 20. y\u00fczy\u0131la atlayal\u0131m. <strong>Sovyetler Birli\u011fi&#8217;nde<\/strong> ekmek \u00fcretimi devlet tekeline al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, iktidar bir bak\u0131ma her vatanda\u015f\u0131n midesine ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu. Kolektif \u00e7iftliklerde yeti\u015ftirilen bu\u011fday, devlet fabrikalar\u0131nda una \u00e7evrildi, devlet f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131nda pi\u015firildi. Ekme\u011fin her ad\u0131m\u0131nda devlet vard\u0131. Ve bu, itaatin en derin bi\u00e7imiydi \u2014 silahl\u0131 de\u011fil, besleyici. (Hangi t\u00fcr iktidar\u0131n daha tehlikeli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeyi sana b\u0131rak\u0131yorum.)<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelince. Bug\u00fcn s\u00fcpermarket raflar\u0131nda onlarca ekmek \u00e7e\u015fidi var: tam bu\u011fday, \u00e7avdar, glutensiz, tohumlu, ek\u015fi maya, bambu k\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc (evet, bu da var). Bu \u00e7e\u015fitlilik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ama bir dakika dur. <strong>Bu \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi kim \u00fcretiyor, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kim kontrol ediyor, tohum patentleri kimin elinde?<\/strong> G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez tekelle\u015fmeyi \u00f6rter bazen. Masada yirmi ekmek var ama hepsinin unu ayn\u0131 \u015firketten geliyor olabilir. Yemeden \u00f6nce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi kim \u00f6\u011fretti bize ki zaten?<\/p>\n<p>Ben \u00e7izerken de buna benzer bir \u015fey ya\u015far\u0131m. Elimin \u00f6n\u00fcnde y\u00fczlerce kalem var, onlarca ka\u011f\u0131t t\u00fcr\u00fc, dijital tablet, m\u00fcrekkep, k\u00f6m\u00fcr. Ama as\u0131l soru \u015fu: <strong>Alet \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131yor mu?<\/strong> Bazen tam tersi. Alet se\u00e7erken yorulursun, \u00e7izmeden bitirirsin g\u00fcn\u00fc. Ekmek de \u00f6yle. Se\u00e7enek bollu\u011fu, as\u0131l soruyu \u2014 kimin ekti\u011fini, kimin bi\u00e7ti\u011fini, kimin pi\u015firdi\u011fini \u2014 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eunu da ekleyeyim: Ekmek meselesi bug\u00fcn iklim kriziyle de i\u00e7 i\u00e7e. Bu\u011fday tarlalar\u0131 kuruyor, su kaynaklar\u0131 azal\u0131yor, g\u00fcbre maliyetleri f\u0131rlad\u0131. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki on y\u0131llarda &#8220;ekmek sava\u015flar\u0131&#8221; ifadesi mecazi olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde zaten \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f durumda. <strong>Orta Afrika, Yemen, Suriye<\/strong> \u2014 bu co\u011frafyalarda ekmek bir metafor de\u011fil, g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00f6l\u00fcm-kal\u0131m meselesi. Biz burada glutensiz vs. tam bu\u011fday tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yaparken.<\/p>\n<p>Bir portreyi \u00e7izerken \u00f6nce o insan\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcm, dedim daha \u00f6nce. \u015eimdi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn: Elinde bir somun ekmek tutan insan\u0131n portresini \u00e7izmek istesem, ne g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcm? Belki Suriyeli bir annenin s\u0131k\u0131ca tuttu\u011fu yar\u0131m somunu. Belki Paris&#8217;te barikatta f\u0131rlat\u0131lmaya haz\u0131r ekme\u011fi. Belki Osmanl\u0131 \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gramaj artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in i\u00e7ine hava \u00fcfleyen f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131y\u0131. <strong>Hepsinde ayn\u0131 hamur, hepsinde farkl\u0131 bir d\u00fcnya.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yar\u0131n sabah ekme\u011fini yerken bir saniye dur. Onu kim ektiydi, kim \u00f6\u011f\u00fctt\u00fc, kim pi\u015firdi, ka\u00e7 liraya satt\u0131, o paran\u0131n ka\u00e7ta ka\u00e7\u0131 o f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131ya kald\u0131? Bu sorular\u0131 sormak seni a\u00e7 b\u0131rakmaz \u2014 ama umar\u0131m biraz rahats\u0131z eder. Rahats\u0131zl\u0131k, uyan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ta kendisidir.<\/p>\n<p>Hadi bakay\u0131m, \u015fimdi usulca da\u011f\u0131l\u0131n ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse m\u0131sm\u0131l olun.<br \/><strong>Demirhan.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sana bir soru soraca\u011f\u0131m ve cevab\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bildi\u011fini san\u0131yorum ama yan\u0131l\u0131yorsun: Ekmek nedir? &#8220;Un, su, tuz, maya&#8221; diyeceksin. Do\u011fru. Ama bu, bir insan\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in &#8220;et, kemik, su&#8221; demek [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gastronomi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/demirhanocak.com\/site26\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/demirhanocak.com\/site26\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/demirhanocak.com\/site26\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demirhanocak.com\/site26\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demirhanocak.com\/site26\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2101"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/demirhanocak.com\/site26\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2101\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/demirhanocak.com\/site26\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demirhanocak.com\/site26\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demirhanocak.com\/site26\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}